भूगर्भशास्त्रीय कालमापन आणि जैववैविध्य

का bgmnoj O¡dd¡{dÜ¶mMm Aä¶mg H aVmZm Amnë¶mbm ^yJ^©emór¶ H mb‘mnZmMm AmYma KoU§ Amdí¶H AgV§. O{‘ZrÀ¶m Wam§M§ {dûcofU H ê Z Ë¶m§Vrb Ordmí‘m§À¶m Aä¶mgmVyZ ^yJ^© emókm§Zr ^yJ^©emór¶ H mb ‘mnZH« ‘ ~Zdbm Amho. ¶m§V H mbH« ‘mZwgma ‘hËdmÀ¶m ^yJ^©emór¶ AWdm Ordmî‘emór¶ KQ Zm d ‘yb^yV ~Xbm§Zm AZwgaV ^yJ^u¶ ñVaboIZ Ho b§ Amho. E{àb 2022 À¶m B§Q aZ°eZb H {‘Q r Am°Z ñQ´ °{Q J«m’ s ¶m g§ñWoÀ¶m R amdmZwgma ¶mVrb ^yH mbH« ‘mM§ gdm©V ‘moR § EH H gwna BAm°Z ({H Ë¶oH eo H moQ r dfmªnydu) BAm°Z qH dm BAmoZmoW|‘ (H mhreo H moQ r dfmªnydu) AgyZ àË¶oH BAm°Z ‘Ü¶o Bam ho Ë¶mhÿZ bhmZ (gw‘mao EH Vo H mhr XeH moQ r dfmªnydu) H mbH« ‘ ~Zdbo AmhoV. Ë¶mhÿZhr N moQ o ^yH mbH« ‘ AZwH« ‘o {n[aAS (gw‘mao Xhm bj Vo H mhr H moQ r df} AgUmao), Bnm°H (gw‘mao EH Vo {H Ë¶oH bj df} AgUmao) d g~-Bnm°H (gw‘mao {H Ë¶oH ghó Vo H mhr bj df} AgUmao) AmhoV.

h„r àrH± {~«¶Z gwna-BAm°Z ‘Ü¶o (460 H moQ r Vo 75 H moQ r dfmªnydu) h°{S ¶Z (460 Vo 400 H moQ r dfmªnydu), BAmoAm{H© ¶Z (400 Vo 360 dfmªnydu), n°{bAm{H© ¶Z (360 Vo 320 H moQ r dfmªnydu), {‘gmoAm{H© ¶Z (320 Vo 280 H moQ r dfmªnydu), {ZAmoAm{H© ¶Z (280 Vo 250 H moQ r dfmªnydu), n°{bAmoàmoQ oamoPmoBH (250 Vo 160 H moQ r dfmªnydu), ‘rgmoàmoQ oamoPmoBH (160 Vo 100 H moQ r dfmªnydu) Am{U ZrAmoàmoQ oamoPmoBH (100 Vo 75 H moQ r dfmªnydu) Ago AmR B©Am°Ýg Ho bobo AmhoV. àrH± {~«¶Z gwna-BAm°Z ‘Ü¶o àW‘ Ord V¶ma hmoD Z Am{XH| Ðr¶ d gwH| Ðr¶ àH mam§Mo EH noer¶ Ord Va ~ZboM nU Am{X‘ e¡dbo, H me^H s¶ Ord (âb°OoboQ²g) d Am{X‘ V§VwH m¶ ({’ b°‘|Q mog) Ord CËH« m§V Pmbo hmoVo Ag§ Ë¶mH miÀ¶m Ordmí‘m§À¶m AmT iyZ Amb§ Amho. Ë¶mZ§VaÀ¶m ’° ZoamoPmoBH BAm°Z (750 Vo 6.6 H moQ r dfmªn¶ªV) ‘Ü¶o n°{bAmoPmoBH (53.8 Vo 25.2 H moQ r dfmªnydu) {‘gmoPmoBH (25.2 Vo 6.6 H moQ r dfmªnydu) d grZmoPmoBH (6.6 H moQ r dfmªnmgyZ AmO n¶ªV) Ago Bam Ho bobo AmhoV. n°{bAmoPmoBH H mbmdYrV gmYmaU gd© àH maMo An¥ð d§er¶ àmUr d Am{X‘ ‘Ëñ¶ OmVr VgmM nmÊ¶mV gmnS Umè¶m gd© dZñnVr d nmÊ¶mÀ¶m H S m§da CËH« m§V Pmboë¶m H mhr dZñnVr àOmVr ApñVËdmV Amë¶m; {‘gmoPmoBH Á¶mV O{‘Zrdarb dZñnVrMo àH ma CËH« m§V hmoD Z ZoÀ¶m§À¶m àOmVtVrb d¥j àH ma VgoM AZmd¥Îm~rO dZñnVtMo {d{dY àH ma ¶m§Mr àM§S O§Jbo CËH« m§V Pmbr. {d{dY An¥ð d§er¶m§Mo O{‘Zrdarb àH ma Am{U C^¶Ma VgoM garg¥n àmÊ¶m§À¶m AZoH {dY àOmVr-OmVr CËH« m§V Pmë¶m. AÞmÀ¶m {dnwbVo‘wio OrdZ g§J«m‘mV ~bdmZ R aboë¶m garg¥n JQ m§Vrb S m¶Zm°gm°g© ho AmH mamZo àM§S AgUmao àmUr n¥Ïdrdarb gdm©V bjUr¶ Ord R abo. grZmoPmoBH H mbmdYr AmH mamZo bhmZ nU Mni gñVZ àmÊ¶m§À¶m {dH mgmZo d njr dJmªÀ¶m {d{dYVoZo AmoiIbm OmVmo. Amd¥V~rO dZñnVtVrb d¥jm§~amo~aM PwSw no, JdVo d F Vy§Ød dZñnVtMm CX¶ d {dH mg XoIrb ¶m H mbmdYrV Pmbm. n°{bAmoPmoBH Bam‘Ü¶o H± {~«¶Z (53.8 Vo 48.5 H moQ r dfmªnydu), AmoS m}pìh{eAZ (48.5 Vo 43.4 H moQ r dfmªnydu), {gë¶w[a¶Z (43.4 Vo 41.9 H moQ r dfmªnydu), S odmo{Z¶Z (41.9 Vo 35.9 H moQ r dfmªnydu) H m~m}{Z’o ag (35.9 Vo 29.9 H moQ r dfmªnydu) Am{U n{‘©¶Z (29.9 Vo 25.2 H moQ r dfmªnydu) Ago ghm {n[aAS ; {‘gmoPmoBH BamMo Q´ m¶m{gH (25.2 Vo 20.1 H moQ r dfmªnydu), Á¶wam{gH (20.1 Vo 14.5 H moQ r dfmªnydu) d {H« Q o{e¶g (14.5 Vo 6.6 H moQ r dfmªnydu) Ago VrZ Va grZmoPmoBH BamMo n°{bAmoOrZ (6.6 Vo 2.3 H moQ r dfmªnydu), {ZAmoOrZ (2.3 H moQ r Vo 26 bj dfmªnydu) d ¹ mQ Z©ar (26 bj df} Vo gÚ H mbn¶ªV) Ago VrZ {n[aAS nmS bobo AmhoV. bhmZ H mbmdYtVrb Ord CËnÎmr d {dbwár ¶m§Mr gmÚÝV ‘m{hVr BWo Q miVmo¶.

CËH« m§VrÀ¶m à{H« ¶oV ZdrZ OmVtMr CËnÎmr (Amo[aOrZ) d ApñVËdmV AgUmè¶m OmVtMr {dbwár/ {dbmonZ (EŠg{Q ÝŠeZ) gwê M AgVo. ¶m XmoÝhrVrb ’ aH mda {d{eï H mim§Vrb OmVtMr {d{dYVm d {dnwbVm Adb§~yZ AgVo. Ordg¥ï rÀ¶m B{VhmgmV ¶m XmoZ à{H« ¶m§À¶m doJmV ZmQ çnyU© ~Xb hmoD Z O¡dd¡{dÜ¶mV bjUr¶ ~Xb hmoD Z JoboV. Ordmî‘-Vkm§Zr nmM ^yñVam§‘Yrb Ordmí‘m§Mr {dnwbVm ZmQ çnyU© arVrZo dmT bobr nmhÿZ nmM gm‘y{hH {dbmonZ KQ Zm dU©Z Ho boë¶m AmhoV. ¶mIoarO à‘mUmVrb gm‘y{hH {dbmonZ KQ Zm XoIrb hmoD Z Joë¶mMo Ë¶m§Zr Z‘yX Ho bo Amho. Aem gm‘y{hH {dbmonZm§Mr H maU‘r‘m§gm {ddmÚ Agbr Var Ë¶m~m~VMr J¥hrVHo ‘mÌ Z¸ sM ‘m§S bobr AmhoV. ¶m gm‘y{hH {dbwárÀ¶m KQ Zm gmYmaUnUo {d{eï ^yJ^u¶ {n[a¶S²g À¶m g§H« ‘U H mimV Pmboë¶m {XgVmV d Ë¶mZ§Va hiyhiy OmVtÀ¶m {d{dYVoV d {dnwbVoV dmT hmoVm§Zm {Xgbr Amho.

AmoS m}pìh{e¶Z d {gë¶w[a¶Z {n[a¶S²g À¶m C§~aR çmda Ordg¥ï rÀ¶m B{VhmgmVrb n{hbo d Xþgè¶m H« ‘m§H mdarb ‘moR o gm‘y{hH OmVr {dbmonZ Pmbo. ¶mV, ApñVËdmV AgUmè¶m gmJar OmVtn¡H s gw‘mao 85% {dbwá Pmë¶m Agmì¶mV (g‘wÐm~mhoa ‘moOŠ¶mM OmVr Ë¶m H mbI§S mV ApñVËdmV hmoË¶m Ago ‘mZbo OmVo). ho {h‘m¶Z (½bo{eEeZ) d Ë¶mZ§Va Pmboë¶m AmH pñ‘H Vn‘mZ dmT rÀ¶m (dm°{‘ªJ) n[aUm‘ñdê n Pmbo Agmdo. hm Vn‘mZmVrb AmH pñ‘H ~Xb Am{YZdVmè¶mÀ¶m (gwnaZmoìhm) n¥Ïdr Odi ¶oÊ¶mZo Pmboë¶m J°‘m- {H aUm§À¶m àñ’ moQ m‘wio KSy Z Ambm Agmdm. ¶mZo n¥Ïdr^modVrÀ¶m AmoPmoZ WamMm {dZme hmoD Z A{V-Zrb {H aUm§Mm CngJ© dmTy Z Vn‘mZ ~Xb Pmbm Ag§ à{VnmXZ Ho b§ Job§¶. {h‘m¶Z d Vn‘mZ d¥Õr ¶m§À¶m Xaå¶mZ gw‘mao 10 bmI dfmªMm H mbmdYr hmoVm Á¶mV {dbmonZmMm doJ IynM OmñV hmoVm.

Xþga§ gm‘y{hH {dbmonZ S oìhmo{Z¶Z {n[a¶S À¶m AIoarg Pmbo. ¶mMr H maU§ AkmV AgyZ Vo ‘moR çm H mbmdYrV Pmb§.

{Vga§ gm‘y{hH OmVr {dbmonZ n{‘©¶Z {n[a¶S À¶m AIoarg Pmb§. ¶mMrhr H maU§ ZrQ g‘Obr Zgbr Var ~amM H mi hmoV Joboë¶m Ádmbm‘wIr {dñ’ moQ m§‘wio Pmboë¶m OmJ{VH Vmn‘mZ dmT r‘wio Vo Pmb§ Agmd§. ¶m gm‘y{hH {dbwár‘wio Ombr¶ d ^y‘r¶ O¡d{d{dYVoM§ An[a{‘V ZwH gmZ Pmb§. ho gdm©{YH ^rfU hmoV§ H maU ¶mV Ë¶mdoir ApñVËdmV Agboë¶m OmVtn¡H s Odinmg 95% OmVr bwá Pmë¶m. Q´ m¶m{gH nr[a¶S À¶m AIoarg Pmboë¶m MdÏ¶m gm‘y{hH OmVr {dbmonZmÀ¶m ‘wimer XoIrb Ádmbm‘wIr {dñ’ moQ d CëH mnmV ¶m§À¶m‘wio Pmbobr Vn‘mZd¥ÕrM Agë¶mM§ g‘Ob§ OmV§. ho ~¥hV-I§S n°Zm{J¶mÀ¶m {dI§S Z-AndhZ à{H« ¶oÀ¶m (H m°pÝQ ZoÝQ b {S´ âQ ) Amgnmg Pmb§.

nmMd§ gm‘y{hH OmVr {dbmonZ {H« Q o{eAg {n[a¶S À¶m AIoarg Pmb§ Á¶mV 25 {H bmoJ«°‘hÿZ A{YH dOZmMo gd©M gOrd {dbwá Pmbo. ¶mV àm‘w»¶mZ§ ‘hmH m¶ S m¶Zmogmog©Mm A§V^m©d hmoVm. àM§S ‘moR çm AmH mamÀ¶m CëH m§Mm àXrK© H mbmdYrV ‘mam hmoD Z dmVmdaUmV Yyi ‘moR çm à‘mUmda {Q Hy Z am{hbr Am{U gy¶©àH me ^yn¥ð mn¶ªV nmoMy eH bm Zmhr Á¶m‘wio àH meg§ûcofUmgh BVa OrdZmdí¶H eara{H« ¶m§da {dnarV n[aUm‘ hmoD Z gm‘y{hH {dbmonZ Pmb§ Agmd§. ¶m H mbmdYrV V¶ma Pmboë¶m WamV B[a{S ¶‘ ¶m n¥Ïdrda A^mdmZ§ gmnS Umè¶m ‘ybÐì¶mM§ à‘mU Iyn A{YH AmT ië¶mZ§ CëH mnmVmV A§V[ajmVwZ Ë¶m ‘ybÐì¶mMm AmJ‘ (BÝâbŠg) Pmbm AgÊ¶mMr eŠ¶Vm ñnï hmoVo Am{U darb J¥hrVH mbm ~iH Q r {‘iVo.

gÚ n[apñWVr nmhVm OJ ghmì¶m gm‘y{hH {dbmonZmÀ¶m C§~aR çmda AgyZ ¶mbm àm‘w»¶mZ§ ‘mZdr {H« ¶mH bmnm§Zr Pmbobo dmVmdaUmVrb d Ordg¥ï rVrb ~Xb H maUr^yV AgUma AmhoV. åhUyZM AmVm g§dY©ZmgmR r VmVS rZ§ H m¶©aV hmoÊ¶mMr {ZH S Amho.